The diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on the following

• A careful evaluation of the signs and symptoms noted

• Family, personal and occupational history

• Physical examination

• Specific investigations and laboratory tests.

The presence of risk factors is evaluated, which is followed by rectal examination in order to note for any changes in the structure of the prostate gland, which can be felt through the rectum.

Prostate-specific antigen 
A specific blood test which detects the levels of an antigen known as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is considered helpful in diagnosing prostate cancer and is frequently used as a screening test for men over the age of 50 years. Further confirmation is required because prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are increased even in the presence of infection or trauma.

Urine test may be advised to detect the presence of blood cells and other cells.

Biopsy of the prostate gland helps to confirm the diagnosis.

Additionally, imaging tests such as plain chest X-ray, CT scanning and bone scans may be advised to evaluate the extent of spread of the cancer.

Based on the biopsy and other findings of physical examination, and imaging tests, the prostate cancer is graded. Prostate cancer is graded from grade I through grade IV from mild to severe. The treatment option is advised based on the grade of the cancer.^1–3     

Next page: Treatment for prostate cancer

Written by: Healthplus24 team
Date last updated: April 20, 2012