Kidney stone
Introduction to Kidney Stone
Kidney stones occur in a disorder known as urolithiasis, which is characterized by the formation of one or more calcified crystals in the kidneys. These crystals are commonly referred as stones and are associated with pain in the abdominal and groin region.
Kidney stones are observed in about 5–15% of the population worldwide and their occurrence is 2–3 times more common in men than women. Adults are frequently affected when compared to other ages. Ethnically, it is more common in white individuals than Asian individuals and geographically it is more common in hot and arid regions.1,2
Causes of Kidney Stone
Causes of kidney stone
Kidney stones may form due to a variety of factors that alter the concentration of urine resulting in crystallization of the substances that are normally excreted. The kidney stones have been classified into about five types based on
Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Stone
Signs and symptoms of kidney stone
Individuals with kidney stones may be asymptomatic or may suffer from various features based on the severity of the condition. Asymptomatic individuals may only notice occasional stones in their urine.
Diagnosis of Kidney Stone
Diagnosis of kidney stone
The diagnostic process involves a detailed analysis to identify the number, position and composition of the kidney stones and also to confirm the underlying disorder that would have resulted in the formation of the stones.
Treatment of Kidney Stone
Treatment of kidney stone
The treatment modality followed is based on factors such as the severity of condition, location, size and number of kidney stone and underlying conditions associated with it. In case of emergency situations, the affected
Prevention of Kidney Stone
Following the dietary recommendations as mentioned before can prevent the formation of kidney stones and its recurrence. Also, appropriate medical or surgical therapy should also be completed. Periodic visit to the doctor may be necessary to monitor the condition.1
Complications of Kidney Stone
The complications of kidney stones include:
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Septic infection of the kidney and associated structures
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Urine extravasation2
Early diagnosis and appropriate management is helpful in preventing complications that may be life-threatening at times.
Written by: Healthplus24 team
Date last updated: July 19, 2011