Overview of Nail Infection

Fungal infection of the nails medically referred as tinea unguium or onychomycosis accounts for about 50% of the infections occurring in the nails. Generally noted in adults above the age of 60 years, onychomycosis affects toenails more than fingernails and is characterized by disfigurement of the nails.¹


Causes of Nail Infection

Causes of Nail infection

The nail infection is usually caused by dermatophytes that belong to the species of T. rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var mentagrophyte. Candida species and nondermatophyte molds may also be the causative factors in certain instances.  

Signs and Symptoms of Nail Infection

Signs and Symptoms of Nail infection

Fungal infections of the nails are characterized by disfigurement of the nail to varying extent. The nail bed, matrix or the plates are the common sites of nail infection. The signs and symptoms may vary with the area of the nail involved.

Diagnosis of Nail Infection

The diagnosis of nail infection is based on the signs and symptoms observed. Additionally, specific tests such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation and culture or study of the scrapings from the affected area under a microscope may be required to confirm the diagnosis. ³

Treatment of Nail Infection

Treatment of Nail infection

Nail infections are generally treated with the administration of antifungal agents either in the form of tablets or creams/lotions. Commonly advised antifungal agents include imidazole, terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole.    

Complications of Nail Infection

The nail disfigurement may be severe enough to be a cosmetic concern with occasional destruction of the affected nail. The nail infection may recur after successful therapy. In certain cases, the nail infection may result in limited movement due to pain. Onychomycosis can have an indirect effect on the blood circulation resulting in worsening of conditions such as diabetic foot ulcers.³

Prevention of Nail Infection

Prevention for nail infection

The practices those are helpful in faster recovery and prevention of recurrence of nail infections are Keep the foot dry throughout the day, Wear cotton (100%) socks and change them often if worn for long periods.