Chikungunya fever is a viral illness that resembles dengue fever. It is spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes. Chikungunya virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus, in the family Togaviridae. The fever is characterized by severe, sometimes persistent, joint pain (arthritis), as well as fever and rash.
Chikungunya virus was first isolated from the blood of a febrile patient in Tanzania in 1953. Since then it has caused several human epidemics in many areas of Africa and Asia and most recently in limited areas of Europe. However, it is not a life threatening disease. But the widespread occurrence of the fever causes substantial morbidity and economic loss.
Causes of chikungunya
Causes of chikungunya
As said before, Chikungunya disease is transmitted among humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The primary transmission agent for Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) is Aedes aegypti mosquito.
Symptoms of chikungunya
Symptoms of chikungunya
Chikungunya virus infection most often is characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, rash, and joint pain. The fever can be severe, even reaching up to 104 degree Celsius. However, in some cases, especially in children, no symptoms are observed.
Diagnosis of chikungunya
Diagnosis of chikungunya
The laboratory diagnosis of chikungunya involves the testing of serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Through this testing, presence of virus-specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies are detected.
Treatment for chikungunya
Treatment of chikungunya
There is no antiviral drug, medicine or effective vaccine specifically for Chikungunya. Currently, research initiatives have been taken for the development of DNA vaccination against Chikungunya. However, it is usually cured by the immune system of the human body.
Precaution for chikungunya
Precautions of chikungunya
The best precaution for Chikungunya is the prevention of mosquito bites. Some important tips are use insect repellent containing DEET, Picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or IR3535 on exposed skin. Wear long sleeves and pants.
Written by: healthplus24 team
Date last updated: July 11, 2011