Corns and calluses are some of the common skin conditions that are characterized by thickening of the skin in the affected areas. The corns may either be soft or hard with an elevated layer of skin in the center giving it a conical appearance, and may be associated with pain and minor swelling. A callus refers to the uniform thickening of the skin with a broad base and is painless. Corns are commonly noticed on the soles of the feet, while calluses can be noticed on the palms, toes, heels and soles.^{1, 2}

 
Causes of Corns and Calluses

Corns and calluses are usually caused due to repeated pressure and friction to the skin surfaces. Such a repeated pressure or friction results in an activation of the protective mechanism of the skin cells, which begin to deposit more layers of skin in that particular area. Using a racquet (for sports such as badminton or tennis), riding a bike, occupations such as carpentry are some of the examples that result in repeated pressure or friction on the palms (calluses), on the other hand, tight fitting shoes and walking barefoot are the causative factors in case of feet (corns). Soft corns may result from excessive perspiration especially in the areas between the toes, which is absorbed into the skin tissues.

 
Risk Factors for Corns and Calluses

 Day-to-day activities that involve application of repeated pressure on the skin are considered as the prominent risk factors for the development of calluses. Individuals who wear shoes (especially ill-fitting ones) for prolonged periods are more prone to develop corns and calluses. In some individuals there may be a defect in the shape of the foot, which results in application of excessive pressure on certain particular areas of the foot rather uniform distribution of weight.¹

 
Signs and Symptoms of Corns and Calluses

Both corns and calluses are characterized by thickening of the skin in the areas exposed to repeated pressure such as the palms, toes, heels and the soles. Corns may be painful making it difficult even a normal walk. The skin may be dry and flaky in the area of the corns and calluses. ²

 
Diagnosis of Corns and Calluses

The diagnosis of corns and calluses is based on the physical appearance of the affected areas. No other tests are usually advised.

 
Treatment for Corns and Calluses

Treatment for Corns and Calluses

Corns and calluses are generally treated with conservative treatment measures such as providing relief from the symptoms, identification of the cause and following appropriate steps to overcome them.

Alternative Therapy of Corns and Calluses

No specific alternative therapies other than preventive measures enumerated above are advised for corns and calluses.

 
Prevention of Corns and Calluses

Taking appropriate care of the feet and hands as specified above are helpful in preventing the recurrence of corns and calluses.

Living with Corns and Calluses

Corns and calluses have not been reported to result in any serious complications. When treated appropriately, they heal well and provide relief from the symptoms. Proper care of the feet and hands can prevent further recurrence.

Written by: Healthplus24 team
Date last updated: April 30, 2012