Sleep disorders: Non-rapid eye movement (NREM), Rapid eye movement (REM)

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Sleep disorder

Overview of sleep disorder

Sleep disorders (SDs) are among the most common clinical problems encountered in the field of medicine. Approximately, 10% of adults suffer from pronounced insomnia and another 10% from markedly increased daytime sleepiness.¹

Types of Sleep Disorders

The Second International Classification of Sleep Disorders published in 2005 had classified SDs into four categories:³

Dyssomnias: The disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep and the disorder of excessive sleepiness. Few of the common disorders in this category which will be discussed further includes the following:
- Insomnia
- Narcolepsy
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Hypersomnia
- Circadian rhythm SDs

Parasomnias: Comprises the disorders of arousal, partial arousal or sleep stage transition, which is not a cause of primary complaint of insomnia or excessive sleepiness. These includes the following:
- Sleepwalking
- Sleep bruxism

Sleep disorders, which are associated with mental, neurological or other medical disorders, secondary to another condition.
- Mood disorders
- Alcoholism

Proposed SDs: Disorders with insufficient information to confirm as definitive SDs.
- Snoring

Insomnia

Insomnia is the most common SD and may be particularlydisabling in the elderly. Individuals with insomnia have impaired next day functioning and increased risk of depression which significantly affects their quality of life.⁴Short-

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is characterized by a tetrad of symptoms that includes excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. This disease affects one in 2000 people in the general

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by repetitive narrowing or collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. This leads to significantly reduced (hypopnea) or complete cessation (apnea) of

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

Circadian rhythm refers to a person’s internal sleep and wake-related rhythms that occur throughout a 24-h period. The term circadian rhythm sleep disorder (CRSD) refers to persistent pattern of sleep disruption due to either an altered

Hypersomnia

Primary hypersomnia (PH) is a disorder of presumed central nervous system etiology, associated with a normal or prolonged major sleep episode and excessive sleepiness consisting of prolonged (1 or 2 h) episodes of non-REM

Sleep Bruxism

Sleep bruxism

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a sleep-related movement disorder characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep. This condition is common among 3 out of every 10 children. The highest prevelance is seen in individuals below

Snoring

Snoring is a common disorder, mostly affecting middle-aged men. Apart from causing marital and relationship problems, snoring may cause other effects such as daytime drowsiness, irritability and lack of focus, leading to social

Written by: Healthplus24 team
Date last updated: August 13, 2011

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