Telogen effluvium is characterized by the loss of ‘handfuls’ of hair, often following emotional or physical stressors. In postpartum effluvium, the normal shedding of hair is inhibited by hormonal influences during the last trimester of pregnancy. In the postnatal period, an accelerated loss of telogen hairs occurs within weeks to months after delivery. This delayed shedding merely allows the hairs to returns to its prepregnancy status.

Febrile-toxic effluvium is caused by severe illnesses, particularly infectious diseases marked by high fevers. It is also seen in patients who are on rapid weight reduction or starvation diets. Following appropriate therapy of the underlying disease, complete restitution of hair is possible. Drug-associated hair loss result from agents such as the progestogen oral contraceptives, high doses of vitamin A, retinoids, cimetidine, beta-blocking agents and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.